1. Fungal Overgrowth: An overgrowth of fungi like Malassezia can lead to conditions like dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Other types of fungi, such as Trichophyton and Microsporum, are responsible for ringworm.

2. Weakened Immune System: A compromised immune system may make the scalp more vulnerable to infections. Conditions such as diabetes and autoimmune disorders may exacerbate the issue.

3. Poor Scalp Hygiene: Infrequent washing or improper cleansing of the scalp can contribute to fungal growth, especially in oily or sweaty conditions.

4. Use of Contaminated Items: Sharing combs, towels, or hats can transfer fungal spores from one person to another, increasing the risk of infection.

5. Environmental Factors: Warm and humid environments encourage the growth of fungi, making it more likely to develop scalp infections.

• Itching and Irritation: Persistent itchiness and discomfort in the scalp are early signs of a fungal infection.

• Flaky Skin and Dandruff: White or yellow flakes that shed from the scalp are common in conditions like seborrheic dermatitis.

• Hair Loss: Hair may fall out in patches or become thinner in infected areas due to inflammation of the hair follicles.

• Red or Scaly Patches: These can appear on the scalp, sometimes forming circular or irregular shapes, as in the case of ringworm.

• Swelling and Tenderness: In severe cases, the scalp can become inflamed, tender, or swollen, sometimes forming pustules.

Ayurveda views scalp fungal infections as a manifestation of an imbalance in the body’s doshas, primarily Pitta and Kapha. The accumulation of heat and toxins, along with improper hair care practices, weakens the immune system and creates an environment conducive to fungal growth. Here’s how Ayurveda addresses the issue:

1. Detoxification (Shodhana): Detoxification therapies, such as Panchakarma, are often recommended to cleanse the body of toxins (Ama) that contribute to fungal infections. Specific therapies like Virechana (purgation) may be advised to balance Pitta dosha and reduce inflammation.

2. Herbal Remedies: Ayurveda recommends a variety of herbal preparations to combat fungal infections. These include:

• Neem (Azadirachta indica): Neem has powerful antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it an excellent remedy for treating scalp infections.

• Bhringraj (Eclipta alba): Bhringraj helps soothe irritated skin, promotes healthy hair growth, and alleviates symptoms of itching and inflammation.

• Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Known for its antiseptic and antifungal properties, turmeric can be applied topically in paste form or consumed internally to purify the blood.

• Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis): Aloe vera’s soothing, anti-inflammatory properties can provide relief from itching and irritation.

3. Dietary Recommendations: A proper diet can help restore the balance of doshas and improve the body’s ability to resist infections. Ayurveda emphasizes a diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and herbs like turmeric and ginger. Foods that aggravate Pitta dosha, such as spicy, fried, or acidic foods, should be avoided.

4. Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining proper scalp hygiene is key to preventing fungal infections. Regular washing with mild herbal shampoos and avoiding chemical-laden hair products are recommended. Additionally, Ayurveda encourages managing stress through practices like yoga and meditation, as stress can compromise the immune system.